What is the future scope of Embedded Systems?

What is an Embedded System?

The definition itself says it all; embedded systems are computers that are part of something else. The ‘something else’ could be a TV, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a mobile phone, a microwave oven or even an aircraft.

Embedded systems are found in all sorts of devices. They are present in the computers that run factories, traffic lights and in the automated teller machines (ATMs) that you use to withdraw cash. Embedded systems are also used in medical equipment such as MRI scanners and patient monitoring devices. In fact, you can find them virtually everywhere these days.

we discussed what an embedded system is and how it is different from a general-purpose computer. In this chapter, we will discuss the most popular types of embedded systems. 

The most common types of embedded system are:

Real-Time Embedded Systems

An embedded system used for real-time applications is known as a real-time embedded system. A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system that guarantees to process events or data by a specific moment in time. RTOSs are often found in small computer systems.

In real-time systems, events must be processed within a precise time interval to guarantee correct operation. For example, a software program running on an RTOS determines the position of a car and sends control signals to its brakes, steering mechanism, and engine. If the software fails to deliver these commands by a specific moment in time, the consequences can be fatal. An RTOS makes sure that such critical actions are executed on time.

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Scope of Embedded Systems:

An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today.

97% of all microprocessors are manufactured as components of embedded systems. Examples of properties of typical embedded computers when compared with general-purpose counterparts are low power consumption, small size, rugged operating ranges, and low per-unit cost.

This comes at the price of limited processing resources, which make them significantly more difficult to program and to interact with. However, by building intelligence mechanisms on top of the hardware, taking advantage of possible existing sensors and the existence of a network of embedded units, one can both optimally manage available resources at the unit and network levels as well as provide augmented functions, well beyond those available. For example, intelligent techniques can be designed to manage power consumption of embedded systems.

Modern embedded systems are often based on microcontrollers (i.e., CPUs with integrated memory or peripheral interfaces), but ordinary microprocessors (using external chips for memory and peripheral interface circuits) are also common, especially in more-complex systems. In either case,

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